ECAR
Fact Sheet for Delaware
Wastewater
Discharges
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The
following fact sheet was prepared by the ECAR Center staff. Once
prepared, each ECAR Center fact sheet undergoes a review process
with the applicable state environmental agency(ies). You can check
on the status of the review process here.
Please read the disclaimer on the status page. While we have tried
to present a summary of the essential information on this topic,
you should be aware that other items, such as local regulations,
may apply to you.
What You Need to Know
As an auto recycler, you almost certainly generate wastewater through
operations such as rinsing parts and washing engines, cars and dirty
tools. If water becomes mixed with oil, antifreeze, solvents, or
other liquids, it is important that it be properly treated and contained
prior to discharge. If your wastewater is currently just
going down an unregulated drain, you're potentially causing significant
problems for which you will be held responsible. Even if your
activities have gone unnoticed for years, there is an increasing
chance that you will be inspected. The federal EPA and the
states are starting to look much more carefully at sources of water
pollution that have so far remained unidentified, and they have
decided to focus on auto recyclers in particular.
There
are a few basic rules to keep in mind. The first is that wastewater
from ordinary lavatory use and hand washing ("sanitary wastewater")
can generally be discharged to a city sewer or a septic field
only if it does not contain any waste from industrial
sources. Wastewater from industrial discharges is usually handled
by wastewater treatment plants, but you will probably be required
to conduct "pretreatment" of the discharge. Most importantly, you
should remember that the storm drains that carry rain and snow runoff
from dismantling yards, roof downspouts, parking lots, and other
surfaces typically go directly to open waterways, and must never be used illegally for disposal. It is important that all the
employees at your yard are aware of these rules, and that they respect
them.
You
will almost certainly need separate permits both for stormwater
runoff (see the ECAR Stormwater fact sheet)
and for any process wastewater that you generate. This page
will give you an overview of how to handle your process wastewater.
Regulations
This
fact sheet addresses wastewater discharges other than stormwater,
which is covered by a different fact sheet. Wastewater from salvage
yards can be subdivided into two main types:
- "Sanitary wastewater" includes the water coming
from lavatories/washrooms, showers, drinking fountains, etc.
- "Process wastewater" includes the water going
into floor drains in areas such as dismantling, discharges from
aqueous cleaning, water from steam cleaning or equipment wash
down, water used for floor cleanup in dismantling areas (e.g.,
mop water), or water from any other sources where it comes into
contact with dismantled parts, equipment, trucks, or machinery.
Sanitary
wastewater can be discharged to a city sewer system or an approved
septic tank system. Most local governments require businesses to
obtain a discharge permit. Sanitary wastewater cannot be discharged
to a stream, pond, or wetland without having a special permit.
Process
wastewater is regulated differently than sanitary wastewater. If
you combine sanitary and process wastewater, then the mixed wastewater
is regulated like process wastewater. All process wastewater discharges
are regulated by federal and state regulations and in most cases,
also by local regulations established by the publicly owned treatment
works or POTW.
Disposal
Options. There are four primary options
for disposing of process wastewater from auto recycling facilities:
- Discharge it to a POTW (Publicly Owned Treatment
Works) or Sanitary Sewer System. If your
facility discharges process wastewater into a municipal sewer
that is connected to a POTW, you must meet the standards set by
the receiving water treatment facility. Also, you may be required
to treat your wastewater prior to discharging it to a sewer or
POTW, and you will need a permit or written permission for all
discharges. Contact
your municipality to obtain a discharge permit
and for applicable local requirements. You must also follow state
and federal requirements, which are outlined under the Regulations
section below.
- Haul it to an approved treatment facility. If your area is not served by a municipal sanitary
sewer system, you may opt to transport your wastewater to an approved
treatment facility. Before you haul wastewater you must perform
a hazardous waste determination. This may involve getting it tested
by a laboratory. If the wastewater is non-hazardous, then you
should maintain test records that support your determination.
- Haul it to a Hazardous Waste Treatment Facility. If your
process wastewater is considered "hazardous," you must
manage it using special procedures. For more information, see
the ECAR
Hazardous Waste Fact Sheet. You will need to ensure that the
tank storing this wastewater meets the requirements contained
in the hazardous waste rules. In addition, you must ensure that
you properly manage the wastewater upon removing it from the tank
and that it is transported by certified hazardous waste transporters.
- Discharge it to the Surface Waters. If your facility discharges
process wastewater via a "point source" (such as a pipe, etc.)
directly to waters of the state, you will be required to obtain
a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit.
Waters of the state include (but are not limited to) ground water,
storm drains, rivers, ponds, streams, lakes and ditches. NPDES
permits set limits on the quantity, discharge rate and concentrations
of pollutants in the water that are discharged from a point source
into waters of the state. If you obtain this type of permit, you
will be required to frequently collect samples of your wastewater
and have them analyzed at a laboratory. You will also have reporting
and recordkeeping responsibilities.
Most
auto recyclers use option 1 or 2. Option 1 is viable when the facility
is located in an area served by a sanitary sewer system, while Option
2 is the economical choice when the volume is small. Before you
begin to discharge process wastewater using option 1, you must acquire
a permit or written approval from your local sewer district or POTW.
You also will have to meet certain rules found in federal and state
regulations, including:
- You are prohibited from discharging any pollutant,
including oil, that may upset or interfere with the sewage treatment
processes or pass through the system untreated;
- The pH of your wastewater often must be between
6.0 and 9.0;
- You cannot discharge pollutants (e.g., solvents)
that may cause a fire in the sewer system; and
- You cannot discharge pollutants such as sludge
(e.g., grease, dirt) that may clog the sewer system.
Pretreatment. To meet the rules listed above,
you may need to install treatment equipment such as an oil/water
separator to prevent oil and sludge from being discharged to the
sewer. This is referred to as "pretreatment." The oil and sludge
collected by pretreatment equipment will have to be periodically
removed and disposed of, possibly as a hazardous waste (you must
make a hazardous waste determination).
*It
is important to note that discharging process wastewater to a septic
tank is not a viable option. Septic tank systems, wells, drain fields,
cesspools and similar disposal sites are regulated by federal and
state Underground Injection Control (UIC) program rules that are
designed to prevent the contamination of underground drinking water
supplies. For more information see the Septic Tanks and Disposal Wells
Fact Sheet.
Links
to the Regulations and Forms. Use the following links to view the regulations and permit forms pertaining
to wastewater.
NPDES
Permit for Industrial Point Source Discharges
Delaware
Regulations Covering Water Pollution Control (Section 7)
Self-Audit
Checklist
When
an inspector comes to your facility, there are certain things he
or she checks to see if you are in compliance with environmental
regulations. It makes good sense for you to perform a "self-audit"
and catch and correct problems before they result in penalties.
Also, there are some compliance incentives associated with self-audits
(see Audit
Policy Page).
Use
the following list to audit your wastewater management activities.
- Does your facility discharge process wastewater?
Are the discharges authorized by a permit? Check all uses of water and
steam within the industrial areas of your facility. Determine
where wastewater is generated and discharged. You must have a
NPDES permit to discharge to surface waters and you will likely
need a permit to discharge to your local sewer authority. Check
with your local POTW and the DNREC to ensure you have the proper
permits.
- Have you performed the necessary pretreatment? If you are discharging to a sewer system/treatment plant,
you may have to perform pretreatment of your waste. Check with
your local sewer authority.
- Is oil or solvent discharged to the sewer? Federal and state laws prohibit
the discharge of oil or flammable solvents to the sewer system.
These are regulated wastes that must be properly disposed of.
Best
Management Practices (BMPs)
Most
regulations tell you what you have to do to be in compliance, but
they don't explain how to do it. That's where "best management
practices" come into play. BMPs are proven methods that
help you to get into compliance and stay there. The following BMPs
are recommended for wastewater management.
- Limit water use and the volume of water discharged
through conservation methods and by reusing water whenever possible.
- Train employees to use water efficiently.
- Don't use water for cleaning floors and equipment
unless absolutely necessary. Use dry cleanup methods for spills.
- Post signs at all floor drains and sinks in industrial
areas of your facility to discourage employees from using the
drains to dispose of oil, other vehicle fluids, solvent, paint
or similar liquids. Review these rules with your employees.
- Use only non-toxic soaps to clean floors and
vehicles instead of hazardous materials.
- If you have floor drains at your facility that
are not in use, consider having them capped or plugged to prevent
misuse or accidental discharges.
- Prevent drips and spills from reaching the floor.
- Check your floor drains and make certain you
know where they discharge.
- Setup and use a maintenance schedule for inspection
and cleaning of floor drains, oil/water separators, traps, etc.
- Never have floor drains where hazardous materials
are stored.
- If your wastewater is nonhazardous, you may want
to purchase evaporating equipment to evaporate your wastewater.
It should be noted that evaporators may require an air permit
or registration, and evaporator bottoms may be considered a hazardous
waste.
- Don't use degreaser solvents to clean engines.
Most engine degreasers are hazardous and should not be discharged
to a POTW. Even if you use nonhazardous degreasers, the oil and
grease concentration in the spent degreaser may exceed the limit
allowed by your sewer authority.
Contacts
- For more information, contact the Delaware Department
of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC), Surface
Water Discharge Section at 302-739-5731.
- To report an emergency spill or leak, call the
DNREC 24-hour Release Reporting Hotline at 800-662-8802, or 302-739-5072
(business hours), or the National Response Center at 800-424-8802.
Releases by transporters must be reported by calling the 24-hour
hotline at 800-662-8802, or the DNREC at 302-739-3689 or 302-739-4580.
- To report an environmental incident or complaint,
contact the nearest
regional office, or call the Toll-Free
24-Hour Environmental Complaint Line.
Related
ECAR Fact Sheets
- Stormwater
- Septic Tanks and Disposal
Wells
Other
Relevant Resources
None.
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